Three-dimensional model of performance anxiety: Tests of the adaptive potential of the regulatory dimension of anxiety |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan;2. Bangor University, Bangor, UK;1. University of South Florida, USA;2. Temple University, USA;1. University of Chichester, UK;2. St Mary''s University, UK;1. Department of Psychology, UCLA, USA;2. Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems, Florida State University, USA;3. Department of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain;4. Department of Psychology, California State University, Sacramento, USA;1. Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, Royal Oldham Hospital, Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Rochdale Rd, Oldham, OL1 2JH, UK;2. ENT Department, Fairfield General Hospital, Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Rochdale Old Rd, Bury, BL9 7TD, UK |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesTo predict the complex anxiety-performance dynamics, Cheng and associates (Cheng, Hardy, & Markland, 2009, 2011; Cheng, Hardy, & Woodman, 2011) proposed a three-dimensional model of anxiety that highlighted the adaptive potential of anxiety, and was supported with regard to cross-cultural factorial validity and predictive validity in the context of sports performance. In particular, this anxiety model included a regulatory dimension (reflected by perceived control) in addition to the conventional intensity-oriented dimensions of cognitive and physiological anxiety.DesignTo further examine the characteristics of the hypothesized adaptive potential of the regulatory dimension of anxiety, a series of three studies were conducted to investigate the relationship mainly between the regulatory dimension and three psychological variables proposed to be related to performance and stress, namely, perfectionism, self-talk and coping strategy.MethodChinese sports participants and dancers completed self-report measures. Hierarchical multiple regression was adopted for data analysis.ResultsThe findings showed that the regulatory dimension of anxiety was positively predicted by relatively adaptive dimensions of perfectionism (personal standards) and self-talk (motivational and instructional self-talk), and positively predicted approach coping.ConclusionsOverall, these data support the hypothesized characteristics of the adaptive potential underlying the regulatory dimension of anxiety. Future research and applied implications are suggested. |
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| Keywords: | Sport psychology Performance stress Self-talk Coping strategy Perfectionism Perceived control Construct validity |
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