受欺负对抑郁情绪的影响:悲伤、愤怒反刍的中介作用及性别差异

为探究受欺负对于个体抑郁情绪的影响，以及反刍这一认知因素在其中的作用与性别差异，采用受欺负问卷、儿童应对方式问卷中的悲伤反刍分量表、愤怒反刍问卷、儿童抑郁量表对2582名初中二年级学生（男生1328人，女生1254人；平均年龄13.95岁，SD=0.60）进行问卷调查。结果发现：（1）受欺负与悲伤反刍、愤怒反刍、抑郁情绪均呈显著正相关；（2）受欺负、悲伤反刍、愤怒反刍均可显著正向预测个体的抑郁情绪，且悲伤反刍和愤怒反刍在受欺负和抑郁情绪的关系中发挥部分中介作用；（3）该模型存在性别差异。女生悲伤反刍对抑郁情绪的预测作用显著大于男生。研究从悲伤反刍和愤怒反刍的角度揭示了受欺负对青少年抑郁情绪的作用机制，为从认知水平上干预青少年心理健康问题提供了参考。

The Effect of Victimization on Depressive Symptoms: The Mediating Roles of Sadness Rumination,Anger Rumination and Gender Differences

To explore the relationship between victimization and depressive symptoms and the role of rumination and gender differences, the bullying questionnaire, the sadness rumination subscale of children's coping style questionnaire, the anger rumination questionnaire and the Children's Depression Inventory were completed by 2,582 middle school students (1,328 boys and 1,254 girls). The results showed first that victimization was positively correlated with sadness rumination, anger rumination and depressive symptoms among adolescents. Second, victimization, sadness rumination and anger rumination significantly predicted the level of depressive symptoms. Moreover, sadness rumination and anger rumination played partial mediating roles in the relationship between victimization and depressive symptoms. Third, the effect of sadness rumination on predicting depressive symptoms in girls was significantly greater than that in boys. This study revealed the mechanism of victimization on depressive symptoms, and provided a reference for cognitive intervention in Chinese adolescent mental health from the perspective of sadness and anger rumination.