鳏与寡对老年人抑郁水平的影响:社会网络的调节作用

为了进一步探讨丧偶与抑郁水平之间的关系，讨论社会网络（包括家庭网络和朋友网络）在其中的作用机制，并比较丧偶与抑郁水平的关系及社会网络作用机制的性别差异，本研究对中国老年社会追踪调查（CLASS）2014年调查中7649名老年人（其中丧偶老人2149名，男性715，女性1434；在婚老人5500名，男性3398，女性2102）的数据进行分析。结果发现，丧偶对老年人抑郁水平有消极影响，但影响作用不存在性别差异；男性丧偶老人的朋友网络显著低于男性在婚老人，而女性老年人中无此差异；相对于在婚老人，家庭网络对男性丧偶老人的抑郁水平的缓解作用更大，而在女性样本未发现家庭网络的缓冲作用。应重视丧偶老年人，特别是男性丧偶老年人，家庭网络的建设与维护，从而缓解丧偶对老年人心理健康的消极影响。

Gendered Impact of Widowhood on Depressive Symptoms among Chinese Older Adults: The Moderating Role of Social Networks

Data are derived from the 2014 baseline survey of the China Longitudinal Social Survey (CLASS), which provides a sample of older adults who had been married. This Study examines the association between widowhood and the depressive symptoms of older adults, and addressed the moderating role of social networks (measured by family ties and friendship ties) on the perceived association. Furthermore, the study analyzed gender as a moderator of these associations. The results showed that widowhood had a negative effect on the depression symptoms of the older adults, but there was no gender difference in this association. The friendship ties of the male widowed older adults was significantly lower than that of the married elderly, but there was no such difference among the female sample. Compared with the married older adults, the family ties had a greater effect on alleviating the depression level of the male widowed older adults, but the buffering effect of the family network was not found in the female sample.