3~6岁儿童二级错误信念认知的发展

采用“新故事”对来自两所幼儿园的133名3~6岁儿童的二级错误信念进行了测查，探查了这一阶段儿童二级错误信念认知的发展。研究主要得出以下结论：4岁左右的儿童能够掌握二级未知知识，但是儿童对于二级错误信念的理解要晚1~2年，6岁左右是儿童二级错误信念发展的关键期。儿童对于信念问题的错误回答主要是基于一级推理，相当一部分的6岁儿童能够基于二级推理对信念问题做出合理解释。儿童对于二级错误信念认知的发展不是一个全或无的过程，而是一个逐步发展的过程。

DEVELOPMENT OF ATTIBUTION OF SECOND-ORDER FALSE-BELIEFS BY 3-TO 6- YEAR-OLD CHILDREN

The ability to attribute 2nd-order false-beliefs and its developmental stage were investigated via the "new stories" paradigm in a sample of 133 children from two kindergartens. The results indicated that children around 4 years old could attribute second-order ignorance, but there was a developmental gap of 1-to-2 years between the attribution of second-order ignorance and second-order false-belief. The critical period for the development of children's attribution of the second-order false-belief was around age six. A majority of 6 year-old children were able to justify their correct false-belief response based on genuine second-order reasoning, while their wrong answers to false-belief questions were mostly based on the first-order reasoning. The development of attribution to the second-order false-belief wasn't an all-or-none process, but one of gradual process.