间隔时间及记忆负荷对信息缺失错误记忆的影响

现场中的信息缺失会影响人类对事件的记忆,这对证人证言研究是非常重要的,但以往对之却鲜有研究.本研究以大学生为被试,运用信息缺失范式,采用视频录像材料,通过2个实验探讨了间隔时间和记忆负荷对错误记忆的影响.结果表明:(1)间隔时间没有影响真实记忆和错误记忆,但信心水平却随着间隔时间的延长而变化；(2)记忆负荷高低没有影响真实记忆却影响了错误记忆,在关键信息呈现条件下,降低记忆负荷可以减少错误记忆的发生；(3)信息性质会影响人们的记忆,关键信息呈现条件下的错误记忆和真实记忆均高于关键信息缺失的条件.

The Effect of Delay and Memory Load on False Memory Caused by Missing Information

Missing information is very ordinary in our life and is very important to studies on witness. However, few researchers have examined whether people falsely remember some parts of an event when there is missing information. The present study conducted two experiments to further explore how delay and memory load reduce false memory and to understand false memory deeply by using missing information paradigm. Resuits indicated that： （1） After short delay （0min, 20mins, 1 hour）, false memory or true memory didn t change, but the level of confidence changed with delay; （2） Memory load did not affect true memory but affect false memory. Under the condition of crucial present, low memory load could reduce false memory compared to high memory load; （3） False memory and true memory were both higher in the crucial present version than that in the crucial absent version, but there wasn t any difference in the level of confidence between the two versions.