基于Flanker、Stroop和Simon多重冲突驱动的认知控制机制

认知控制是维持和调整多任务目标导向的加工策略，而基于多任务冲突的认知控制是一般领域上还是特定领域上，即一种冲突是否会影响另一种冲突的解决，已有研究并没有得到统一的结论。本研究运用事件相关电位（ERP）方法考察了同一任务中不同类型冲突（Stroop、Simon和Flanker冲突）驱动认知控制调节的脑机制。数据显示：各冲突都出现了一致性效应和冲突适应性效应；实验中每种冲突的上一个trial只与该类冲突的当前trial的交互效应显著，而与其他类型冲突的当前trial的交互效应不显著；几乎所有冲突都发现了P300、N450、SP成分一致性效应。结果表明：在不同类型冲突驱动条件下，人脑能够同时监控并解决不同类型的冲突；冲突驱动的认知控制系统以局部的控制方式工作；人脑是基于多冲突驱动的认知控制系统的灵活性和某类型冲突所特有的控制机制来解决冲突，且冲突解决机制是相互独立、互不干扰的。

Multiple Conflict-driven Cognitive Control Mechanisms of the Flanker,Stroop and Simon Conflict

In order to improve the performance of the conflict tasks,the human brain detects and resolves conflicts through the cognitive control system.However,we do not know the multiple conflict-driven control mechanisms.In order to investigate this issue,this study fully integrates the Flanker,Stroop,and Simon conflict.This study included two experiments:Experiment 1 integrated the Flanker and Simon conflict,Experiment 2 integrates the Flanker and Stroop conflict.This study combined behavioral responses and event-related potential(ERP) technology to investigate the mechanisms of the cognitive control.On the one hand,the behavioral response data showed that firstly,all the types of the conflicts in all the experiments show the Congruency Effect and the Conflict Adaptation Effects;secondly,each type of conflict of a previous trial in all the experiments only interacted with a current trial of its own kind,but did not interact with other kinds of current trial.On the other hand,ERP data of the two experiments showed that with the exception of Flanker conflict in Experiment 2,all the conflict types in all the experiments showed that the P300 latency,the N450,and the SP component were in line with the congruency effect.The data above show that firstly,in a variety of types of conflict conditions,the conflict monitoring theory is still applicable;secondly,in face of a variety of types of conflict conditions,the human brain can monitor and then solve the conflict at the same time and also achieve successful task performance;thirdly,the human brain uses local control mechanism to resolve the conflict,that is to say,each type of conflict facilitates the resolution of its own kind,but does not affect the resolution of the other kind.To sum up,multiple conflict-driven control mechanisms are based on the conflict-specific manner,different types of conflicts have different types conflict monitor units which trigger the corresponding cognitive control strategy.Therefore,we propose a non-centralized,modular architecture of cognitive control,where separate dynamic distribution control resources operate in parallel,and are recruited in a context-sensitive manner.