Treatments of bias in detection and recognition models: A review

The review considers various proposals about the form of isobias curves and about the relation between bias and bias conditions (payoff, presentation probability, and instructions). Though the proposals differ sharply, none of them proves to be adequately supported by existing evidence. There has been a curious tendency to appeal to a priori arguments, to consider only a very restricted set of alternatives from among the published proposals, to contrast proposals at levels of performance where their predictions are minimally different, and to ignore existing evidence. The review tries to provide a solid basis for more adequate experimental work in the future.