父母教养方式与幼儿焦虑关系的三水平元分析

以0~7岁学前儿童为样本，采用元分析方法考察父母教养方式（积极和消极）与幼儿焦虑之间的关系。通过文献检索，共获得26项研究，含136个独立效应量，被试总数达13565名。由于部分研究中存在多个效应量，当前研究针对两种教养方式分别构建了三级元分析模型。主效应检验发现，父母积极教养方式与幼儿焦虑呈显著负相关，而父母消极教养方式与幼儿焦虑呈显著正相关。调节效应检验发现，父母积极教养方式与幼儿焦虑之间的相关受到父亲受教育水平和幼儿生活质量的调节，但不受幼儿性别、母亲受教育水平和焦虑测量工具类型的影响。此外父母消极教养方式与幼儿焦虑之间的相关受到焦虑测量工具类型的调节，但这一相关不受幼儿性别、生活质量和父母受教育水平的调节。上述结果表明，父母教养方式与幼儿焦虑之间的关系密切，也指出了将来的研究过程中要关注父亲受教育水平、幼儿生活质量和焦虑测量工具类型在两者关系中的作用。

The Associations between Parenting Styles and Anxiety in Preschool-age Children: A Three-level Meta-analysis

The aim of our meta-analysis was to investigate the relationships between parenting styles (positive and negative parenting style) and preschool-age children's anxiety. Through filtrating literature, 26 studies and 136 independent effect sizes together with 13565 volunteers conformed to the standard of the meta-analysis. To deal with the interdependency of effect sizes, we constructed a three-level meta-analytic model for the two type of parenting styles. The results showed that positive parenting style was negatively associated with preschool-age children's anxiety. However, there was a significant positive relationship between negative parenting style and preschool-age children's anxiety. In addition, the relationship between positive parenting style and preschool-age children's anxiety was moderated by father's education level and children's quality of life, while it was not influenced by preschool-age children's gender, mother's education level and measurement tools of anxiety. Finally, our result suggested that the measurement tools of anxiety moderated the relationship between negative parenting style and preschool-age children's anxiety. In short, these results suggested that parenting styles were correlated with preschool-age children's anxiety. It also emphasized that future research should focus on that the father's education level, the quality of life and the measurement tools of anxiety played important roles in the relationships between parenting styles and preschool-age children's anxiety.