中学生家庭社会经济地位与学业成绩的关系:心理素质各维度的多重中介作用分析

研究用方便抽样的方法调查了1570名中学生，通过中学生心理素质问卷来测量其心理素质，并对被试进行家庭社会经济地位（Socioeconomic Status，SES）评估和学业成绩考察。结果表明：（1）除中学生家庭SES与学业成绩相关不显著外，其余变量呈两两正相关；（2）整体心理素质在中学生家庭SES和学业成绩间中介作用显著。（3）认知特性和适应能力在家庭SES和学业成绩间存在多重中介作用，但两者存在抵消抑制作用。据此得出结论，高家庭SES对中学生学业成绩的积极影响，主要是通过对其认知特性的提升来实现的，而同时适应能力的增强则对学业成绩的上升有抑制作用。这一发现不仅拓展了对家庭投资理论和家庭压力模型的认识，还为进一步深化心理素质研究提供了新的思路；同时，该结论表明应为低家庭SES的学生提供补偿性教育，重视其认知特性的培养和提高，从而有助于提升其学业成绩水平。

The Relationship between Middle School Students' Family Socioeconomic Status and Academic Achievement: Multiple Mediating Effects of Different Dimensions of Psychological Suzhi

This study investigated 1570 middle school students with convenient sampling. We measured psychological suzhi of middle school students by the Psychological Suzhi Questionnaire for Adolescents and also assessed their Socioeconomic Status (SES) and academic performance. The results showed that:(1) Except SES was not significant correlated with academic performance, the remaining variables showed a positive correlation with each other. (2) The overall psychological suzhi had a significant mediating effect between secondary school students' family SES and academic performance. (3) Cognitive quality and adaptability had multiple mediating effects between family SES and academic performance, but they suppressed each other. According to the results, we concluded that high family SES have a positive effect on middle school students' academic performance by improving their cognitive quality, but at the same time, the improve of adaptability have a suppression effect on the rise of academic performance. This finding not only expands the understanding of family investment theory and family stress model, but also provides new ideas for further deepening psychological suzhi research. At the same time, this conclusion shows that we should provide compensatory education for low-family SES students and attach importance to the cultivation and improvement of their cognitive ability, which consequently help to improve their academic performance.