小学低年级儿童阅读流畅性的发展轨迹及其对阅读理解的预测作用

对149名小学一年级儿童的阅读流畅性进行历时三年五次的追踪测试，采用潜变量增长模型探索了儿童阅读流畅性的发展轨迹，并在控制相关变量后，考察了阅读流畅性的起始水平和发展速度对阅读理解的预测作用。结果发现：（1）小学低年级儿童字词阅读流畅性呈非线性发展，其中一年级快速发展，二、三年级时进一步发展，但发展速度变缓，起始水平低的儿童其后发展速度快，表现出补偿模式；句子阅读流畅性呈线性发展，儿童个体之间的差异随时间逐渐增大，表现出马太效应；（2）控制一般认知能力、家庭社会经济地位及相关语言认知技能后，字词阅读流畅性的起始水平和发展速度均可预测儿童三年级时阅读理解水平，而句子阅读流畅性的起始水平不能预测，但发展速度有显著预测作用。结果说明字词阅读流畅性和句子阅读流畅性有不同的发展轨迹和发展模式，在小学低年级阶段，相比句子阅读流畅性，儿童字词阅读流畅性的起始水平对阅读理解有预测作用，且两者的发展速度均对阅读理解有预测作用。

The Developmental Trajectories of Reading Fluency and Its Predictive Effects on Reading Comprehension in Chinese Primary School Students

149 children in grade one were followed up for three years from grade one entering to grade three. Latent growth modeling was conducted to examine the developmental trajectory of reading fluency and the predictive effects of the initial level and growth rates in reading fluency on reading comprehension after controlling for the related variables. Results indicated that children's word reading fluency increased in a non-linear trajectory, while sentence reading fluency increased in a linear trajectory during the follow-up period. The individual difference of word reading fluency showed a decreasing trend while individual difference increased in sentence reading fluency. The results also showed that initial status and growth rates of word reading fluency made a significant direct contribution to reading comprehension at Time 5 after controlling for the related variables. In addition, initial status of sentence reading fluency did not have the predictive effects on reading comprehension at Time 5. Growth rates of sentence reading fluency, however, made a significant direct contribution to reading comprehension at Time 5. The present findings have an important role in elucidating developmental changes of children's reading fluency. The findings underscore the importance of growth in reading fluency for reading comprehension and add to the literature about the nature of the reading fluency and reading comprehension relationship in Chinese.