越老越风险规避吗？——年龄对冲动性预测决策行为的调节效应

年老化伴随着风险承担倾向的改变,而决策行为受冲动性的影响是否受到年龄的调节尚不清楚。研究采用两种不同类型的决策任务以及Barratt冲动性量表,考察老年人风险承担在自我报告和决策行为上的改变。结果显示老年人在剑桥博弈任务中更加风险寻求而在模拟充气球任务中更加风险规避。同时冲动性可以显著预测模拟充气球的行为,且该预测受到年龄的调节。研究结果提示,老年人并不是单一的更加风险规避或者风险寻求,而是与任务特异性相关。同时,冲动性可以较好的预测年轻人的决策行为,而对老年人的决策行为没有预测作用。

The Eeffect of Variability and Encoding of Multiple-examples on Transfer

Using probability principle problems as the materials,the authors did two experiments to examine the effects of the variability and encoding of multiple examples on transfer.The result showed that the variability of examples showed no effect on near transfer but showed effects on far transfer.As for the combination of multiple examples and the self-explanation mode,the variability of examples and self-explanations had no effect on near transfer.As far as far transfer was concerned,the "multiple/elicited" group had the highest performance,while the "multiple/spontaneous" group had a very low performance.The group under the two uniform conditions had an intermediate performance.