大学生优秀辩手与非辩手的非形式推理能力比较

为考察大学生优秀辩手与非辩手非形式推理能力的差异,运用"提示访谈法"对大学生中的优秀辩手与非辩手的普通大学生进行了比较研究。结果表明:大多数优秀辩手达到间接反驳推理水平,而多数非辩手处在直接反驳推理水平。优秀辩手不论在功能性和条件性理由的数量上,还是在理由领域广度上都显著优于普通大学生。在反驳式推理过程中,优秀辩手的间接反驳次数显著多于非辩手。研究表明大学生优秀辩手的非形式推理能力显著优于非辩手。

Informal Reasoning Differences between Excellent College Debaters and Non-debaters

This study was designed to investigate informal reasoning differences between college debaters and non-debaters.Two ill-structured problem tests were administered to the participants by argument prompting method.The results showed as follows:(1)most college students achieved refuting reasoning level.The majority of debaters were at the level of indirect refuting reasoning and the majority of non-debaters were at the level of direct refuting reasoning. During my-side and othe-rside reasoning,debaters generated significantly more functional and conditional reasons than non-debaters and there were significant differences in the span of reason field between the debaters and non-debaters; during refuting reasoning,debaters generated significantly more indirect refuting than the non-debaters,so the debaters informal reasoning ability were higher than the non-debaters;(2)The measuring system used in this study can differentiate debaters informal reasoning ability from the non-debaters,so it was an appropriate method to measure students informal reasoning.