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The influence of attachment and temperament on venipuncture distress in 14-month-old infants: the Generation R Study
Authors:Wolff Noor J  Darlington Anne-Sophie E  Hunfeld Joke A M  Tharner Anne  Van Ijzendoorn Marinus H  Bakermans-Kranenburg Marian J  Moll Henriette A  Jaddoe Vincent W V  Hofman Albert  Verhulst Frank C  Passchier Jan  Tiemeier Henning
Institution:a The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
b Department of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
c Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
d Centre of Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
e Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
f Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
g Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Abstract:

Objective

This study examined the effects of attachment and temperament on infant distress during venipuncture.

Method

The study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a prospective population-based study. Two different research procedures (i.e., blood sampling and the Ainsworth Strange Situation Procedure) yielded measures of venipuncture distress and attachment security and disorganization in 246 infants aged 14 months. Four temperament traits (distress to limitations, fear, recovery from distress, and sadness) were assessed using the maternally reported Infant Behavior Questionnaire - Revised, at the age of 6 months.

Results

There were no differences between mean levels of distress during venipuncture in infants classified as having insecure attachment, but there was a trend for disorganized attachment. The temperament traits were not related to distress. However, children with a disorganized attachment and higher temperamental fear had more venipuncture distress.

Conclusion

When different risk factors are present simultaneously, infant distress is heightened.
Keywords:Infant venipuncture distress  Medical procedure  Attachment security  Attachment disorganization  Temperament  Fear  Interaction effect
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