A description of self-talk in exercise |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Canada;2. Research Centre for Health, Psychology and Communities, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK;3. Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK;4. Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK |
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| Abstract: | Objectives. To examine the use of exercise-related self-talk. Specifically, the four Ws — where, when, what and why — of self-talk used by exercise participants were examined.Method. Exercisers (n=164) who indicated they used self-talk were asked where, when, what, and why they used their self-talk using an open-ended questionnaire. Over 95% of exercisers reported using self-talk with moderate frequency.Results. Exercisers used self-talk most often at their exercise location, during exercise. They reported using short phrases, neutral self-talk, and referred to themselves in the second person most frequently. Self-talk was used for both motivational (i.e., mastery, arousal, and drive) and cognitive (i.e., skill-specific and general) purposes.Conclusions. These results provide a basis for developing a framework for exercise-related self-talk research. |
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