反事实思维两大理论：范例说和目标－指向说

反事实思维是个体对不真实的条件或可能性进行替换的一种思维过程。该文通过综合国外许多研究者的研究成果，探讨了反事实思维的定义、分类以及反事实思维的两大理论：范例说和目标－指向说。范例说认为反事实思维的激发是自动化过程，影响反事实思维产生的因素包括：正常性、结果的效价、与替代结果的接近性、前提的突变性和前提的突出性。目标－指向说则认为反事实思维的激发过程同样受目标、情绪控制、态度等认知因素的影响

Two Theories in Counterfactual Thinking:Norm Theory Perspective and Goal-Directed Perspective

Counterfactual thinking is mental representations of alternatives to the past to the individual. This article synthesizes plenty of foreign researches of the definition,the categories and also two theories of counterfactual thinking:Norm Theory Perspective and Goal-Directed Perspective. In Norm Theory Perspective,counterfactual thinking is activated automatically and several determinants assumed to evoke it,such normality,outcome valence,closeness to alternative outcome,mutability of antecedents,salience of antecedents. In Goal-Directed Perspective,the counterfactual thinking is also activated by some cognitive factors,such as focus,emotion control and attitude.