On the comparative efficacy of memories and expectancies as cues for choice behavior in pigeons |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Sackler Program for Epigenetics and Developmental Psychobiology at McGill University, Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada;2. Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada;1. College of Information Technology, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100101, PR China;2. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, Colom 11, Terrassa 08222, Spain;3. School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China;4. Beijing Key Laboratory for Network-based Cooperative Air Traffic Management, Beijing 100191, PR China;5. Beijing Laboratory for General Aviation Technology, Beijing 100191, PR China;1. Mrs. T.H. Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar St, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States;2. Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 15 Michigan St NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, United States;3. Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, United States;4. Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 4651 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90027, United States;1. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taiwan;2. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan;3. Healthy Ageing Research Center, School of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taiwan;4. Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan;5. Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan |
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| Abstract: | The same reliable color cues were equally available to different groups of pigeons trained on a delayed conditional simultaneous visual discrimination task. However, for different groups, prechoice and postchoice food or no-food events were programmed in such a way that, theoretically, memories of these events, expectancies of them, both, or neither could also serve as reliable cues for choice. In the case where both prechoice and postchoice food/no-food events were correlated with correct choices, two ways of correlating the prechoice and postchoice events with one another were examined. For synergism subjects, when the prechoice event was food, the postchoice event was also food, and when the prechoice event was no food, the postchoice event was no food; therefore, on a given trial, the operative memory and expectancy were of the same event. For antagonism subjects, when the prechoice event was food, the postchoice event was no food, and vice versa; thus, for these subjects, the memory and expectancy active on a given trial were of opposite events. Expectancies were found to exert significantly greater control over choice behavior than memories. Moreover, antagonism subjects chose significantly less accurately than synergism subjects or than an expectancy only group. A follow-up experiment confirmed this effect. The relevance of these results to various models of memory and expectancy was addressed. |
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