美术专业与普通专业学生对中西方绘画作品的审美认知差异

审美认知是人类最高级最复杂的心理活动之一，在美育中具有重要的作用。本研究采用不同艺术类别及情绪效价的作品图片，考察美术专业与普通专业大学生对中西方绘画作品的审美认知差异。结果发现：美术专业学生与普通学生对西方画的审美认知差异极其显著，且美术专业学生对西方画产生的美感显著强于普通学生；而两类学生对中国画的审美认知差异并不显著；对于不同风格的绘画作品，两类学生都存在着审美偏好，且审美偏好一致，都对中国画产生的美感更为强烈；两类学生的审美认知反应时间差异极其显著，专业学生总体上要比普通学生进行更多更复杂的审美认知加工活动。研究表明，审美认知具有较强的可塑性，对于美育心理学的发展具有重要的价值。

The Research of Aesthetic Cognitive Difference in Chinese and Western Paintings between Art and Ordinary Undergraduates

At present, the art aesthetic is becoming indispensable Spiritual need and cognitive behavioral for human being. The professionals in arts field as a typical representative of the aesthetic subject, it is generally agreed that there was significant difference in the aesthetic between them and ordinary people. But so far, there were no researchers have cared the aesthetic cognition, beauty experiences and emotional responses of the two types people in the art aesthetic activities. Aesthetic is one of the most advanced and complex mental activities in human being.The sense of beauty is based on the needs of beauty, in accordance with the standard of beauty in society by individual, it is an emotional experience during the process of the evaluation on an objective objects. From the humanistic perspective, there were some researches about the aesthetic differences between Chinese and Western artists in painting. But from the Psychology, At present there was no research to explore the significant differences exist or not between masses of Chinese and West paintings’ aesthetic. Therefore, this study will discuss this problem by the research methods of psychology, and also will provide a new research perspective for the art aesthetic, at the same time, it will be a great significance and value to make people aware of importance of aesthetic education. In this study, Chinese paintings,Western paintings and photographic works will be the main aesthetic object, art and ordinary students will be the aesthetic subjuct, By comparing their emotional response in aesthetic experience process of the paintings, this study will explore the professional students and ordinary students’ beauty differences and characteristics between Chinese paintings and Western paintings. In the experiment, By organizing professional subject and ordinary subject and put the group into practical testing, showing the art works of different style and potency randomly, we asked the subjects that made a judgement based on their true emotional response for stimulus pictures. The results show that: (1)There is significant difference between professional students and non-professional students in their Western paintings’aesthetic，and the beauty sense of professional art-educated students which received in Western paintings is significant higher than that of ordinary students. (2)The difference between the two groups in their Chinese paintings’aesthetic is not significant. (3)Both the two groups have their aesthetic preference,and their preference are the same,they both have more beauty sense in Chinese paintings’aesthetic than the others. (4)In the process of aesthetic, The difference of two groups’ cognitive reaction time is significantly clear,the professionals’ mental activities are longer time than non-professionals in general, and more complicated activities. The study systematically explored the characteristics of Chinese and Western paintings’ aesthetic between art students and ordinary students, and confirmed that there are significant differences in Western paintings’ aesthetic between art students and ordinary students, but the differences between the two groups in Chinese paintings’ aesthetic are not significant.These findings will provide a theoretical basis for aesthetic education in university,and provide theory reference and basis for the study of psychology of aesthetic differences between Chinese paintings and Western Paintings.Morever, it will provide a theoretical reference for the construction and perfection of theoretical system and practice system of aesthetic psychology, aesthetics, aesthetic education.