管仲的王霸学思想及其精神源流

管仲是中国先秦哲学思想史上第一位思想家，他的王霸学思想既是对前先秦文化思想精神的时代性因革，又是对后来哲学思想的开启。管仲的政治思想是以民为本的刑赏主义法治思想和功利主义治政思想，其赖以支撑的伦理精神是自然主义人性论，思想基础是水本原论哲学。从历史源流看，管仲开辟了中国哲学思想“因人事而自然”的思维道路，是自然人性论功利主义伦理学和政治学的始祖，并以此开辟了“以刑入礼”的刑赏主义实践道路。管仲的思想之源，是夏商周三代所形成的以王道为目标、以天道为根据、以人道为途径的“王官之学”；管仲的思想之流，不仅涌动出法家思潮，而且激励并贯穿了先秦诸子各家学说。

Guan Zhong's Thought of Overlord's Accomplishment and Its Spiritual Origin

Guan Zhong is the first thinker throughout China's philosophy history during the pre-Qin period. His doctrine of kingly and hegemonic governing, is an era change of the cultural-spiritual ideology of the pre-Qin period, and the opening-up of the latter philosophical ideologies as well. Guan Zhong's political ideology, which has the naturalism of human-nature as its ethical supports, and the philosophy of water-as-the-first-origin as its ideology foundation, is the doctrine of legal governing through punishment and awards, and the doctrine of utilitarian managing. From the perspective of historical source and course, Guan Zhong opens up the philosophical thinking path of caring-about-nature-because-of-human-affairs in the pre-Qin period, and he is the first ancestor of ethics and politics of natural human-nature theory and utilitarianism. Thus, he opens up the practical way of his punishment-awards doctrine, which advocates the combination of properity and punishment. Guan Zhong's doctrine roots from the official principle developing during the dynasties of Xia, Shang and Zhou, with kingly laws as its goal, natural laws as its base, and human laws as its approach. Guan Zhong's doctrine not only develops into the thought of Legalist School, but also inspires and penetrate various schools of thought in the pre-Qin period.