两维特征图形的客体和空间工作记忆存储研究

研究采用单探测变化检测范式,考察了两维特征图形在视觉客体和视觉空间工作记忆中的存储机制,并对其容量进行测定。40名被试(平均年龄20.56±1.73岁)随机分为两个等组,分别完成实验一和实验二。实验一的刺激图形由颜色和形状两基本特征组成,实验二的刺激为由不同颜色和开口朝向组成的兰道环。两个实验结果均显示:(1)特征交换变化条件下的记忆成绩与单特征变化条件下最差的记忆成绩差异不显著;(2)空间工作记忆任务的成绩显著优于客体工作记忆任务;(3)被试在视觉工作记忆中能存储2~3个客体和3~4个空间位置。这表明,由两种不同维度特征组成的图形在视觉客体和视觉空间工作记忆中均以整合方式进行存储,空间工作记忆的容量大于客体工作记忆。

A Study on the Storage of Object and Spatial Working Memory for the Graphs with Features of Double Dimensions

The study investigated the storage mechanism and capacity of visual object working memory and visual spatial working memory for the graphs with features of double dimensions using change-detection paradigm. 40 participants aged 20.56±1.73 were randomly divided into two equal groups. They completed Experiment 1 and Experment 2 seperately. The stimulus graphs in experiment 1 were presented by basic features of color and shape, and that landolt rings in experiment 2 were presented by color and orientation. The results of two experiments both showed: (1) There was no significant difference between the memory accuracy of feature exchange condition and that of single feature change condition. (2) The performance of visual object working memory task was significantly higher than that of visual spatial working memory task. (3) Subjects could remember 2-3 objects and 3-4 spatial locations in visual working memory. These suggested that, the graphs with features of double dimensions were stored as integrated units in visual object and visual spatial working memory, and the storage capacity of spatial working memory was higher than that of object working memory.