家庭学习环境对儿童早期学业和社会技能的作用

家庭学习环境作为个体出生后最先接触到的学习环境,对个体早期乃至未来一生的发展都有重要作用。本研究以181名年龄在53~67个月的学前儿童及其母亲为被试,考察了家庭学习环境对儿童早期语言、数学和社会技能的作用。结果发现:(1)控制个体性别、年龄后,家庭学习环境对儿童早期语言、数学和社会技能的解释率分别为9.2%、4.4%和9.6%,均大于家庭社会经济地位和学前教育经历对三方面技能的解释率;(2)进一步控制家庭社会经济地位和学前教育经历后,家庭学习环境仍可显著预测个体早期语言、数学和社会技能,解释率分别为7.4%、3.2%和8.5%;(3)家庭学习环境的不同方面与儿童早期发展不同方面的关系不同。其中,家庭学习活动是儿童早期语言和数学技能的重要预测变量,丰富生活经验是儿童早期社会技能的重要预测变量。

The Effects of Home Learning Environment on Children’s Early Academic and Social Skills

Home learning environment (HLE), as one component of the micro-system and the first learning environment that children was exposed to, has a large effect on children's early development. With 181 children aged 53~67 months and their primary caregivers as the subjects, the present study investigated the effects of HLE (including Home Learning Activities and Enrichment Experience in daily life) on their literacy, numeracy and social skills. The results are as follows: (1) After controlling for the gender and age of children, HLE can explain 9.4% of the variance on literacy, 4.4% of the variance on numeracy and 9.6% of the variance on social skills; (2) Further, after controlling for the SES and early education experience, HLE can still explain 7.4% of the variance on literacy, 3.2% of the variance on numeracy and 8.5% of the variance on social skills; (3) Two aspects of HLE have different impact on children's early development. Home Leaning Activities is the most powerful predictor of children's literacy and numeracy skill, while Enrichment Experience is the most powerful predictor of children's social skills.