The punishment that sustains cooperation is often coordinated and costly |
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Authors: | Bowles Samuel Boyd Robert Mathew Sarah Richerson Peter J |
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Affiliation: | Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA. samuel.bowles@gmail.com |
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Abstract: | Experiments are not models of cooperation; instead, they demonstrate the presence of the ethical and other-regarding predispositions that often motivate cooperation and the punishment of free-riders. Experimental behavior predicts subjects' cooperation in the field. Ethnographic studies in small-scale societies without formal coercive institutions demonstrate that disciplining defectors is both essential to cooperation and often costly to the punisher. |
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