进化心理学视角下经济压力对女性择偶偏好影响研究

摘 要 择偶是婚姻过程中一个非常重要的环节，女性择偶是近年来研究的热门话题。本研究从进化心理学的择偶理论出发，研究女性在经济压力之下的择偶偏好。研究用实验的方法，结果表明（1）女性在经济压力之下，更青睐具有“好资源”的男性（2）对照组女性在外显测量的情况下往往表示更喜欢男性的“好爸爸”特质，而在阈下测量时，无论哪一组的女性都更重视男性的社会经济地位。研究结果表明，女性择偶时普遍更重视资源线索，在经济压力之下，这种择偶偏好更加明显。

Investigation on the Urban Elderly's Perception of Residential Environment

Random-sampling surveys were conducted to the city elderly from the new-built as well as old residential areas in Shanghai. The objective living conditions and subjective evaluations of residential environment were investigated to compare the difference of the two kinds of areas and explore the key factors affecting the overall residential satisfaction. The current results showed that the elderly living in new-built residential area felt less congested and had more facility adequacy at home than those in old residential area. In terms of community environment, the old people from new-built residential area gave better evaluation on tidiness, but had less living convenience and satisfaction with the neighborhood relationships than those living in old residential area. There was little significant difference in overall satisfaction of residential environment among the elderly from the two kinds of areas. It was found that the subjective crowdedness at home, home facility adequacy, living convenience in community, tidiness of community environment, and satisfaction with neighborhood relationships were key factors affecting the overall residential satisfaction of the urban elderly.