Reduced blocking as a result of increasing the number of blocking cues |
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Authors: | James E Witnauer Gonzalo P Urcelay Ralph R Miller |
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Institution: | State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902-6000, USA. |
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Abstract: | Weak behavioral control (blocking) occurs when a target stimulus (X) is paired with an outcome in the presence of a well-established
signal for the outcome (i.e., a blocking stimulus). Conventional Pavlovian conditioning theories explain this effect by asserting
that a discrepancy between expected and experienced outcomes is necessary for learning about X and that no such discrepancy
exists in blocking situations. These theories anticipate that the effect of additional well-established signals for the unconditioned
stimulus (US) should be additive. In two conditioned barpress suppression experiments using rats as subjects, the opposite
result was observed. Experiment 1 provided evidence that blocking was reduced when two blocking stimuli were present during
X-US pairings relative to when one blocking stimulus was present. Experiment 2 elaborated on the mechanisms underlying the
observations in Experiment 1, while explaining the discrepancy between the results of Experiment 1 and prior reports of the
additivity of blocking stimuli. nt]mis|The research was supported by National Institute of Mental Health Grant 33881. |
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