反向思考和类比思考对锚定效应的影响

采用基于锚定效应经典研究范式的自编问卷对120名在校大学生进行调查研究。研究一通过对参与者使用反向思考与类比思考的应对方案前后的数据比较，考察两种思考方法是否能够降低锚定效应的影响。以往同类研究中发现，时间压力作为一个重要影响因素会对最终结果产生重大影响。研究二基于研究一加入时间压力来考察高时间压力是否能够使应对方案失效。结果表明，反向思考和类比思考的应对方案能够降低锚定效应的影响，高时间压力下应对方案依然有效。这一结果启示我们，在决策时，要有批判精神，要三思而行，做一个理智的决策者。

The Influence of Reverse Thinking and Analogical Thinking on the Anchoring Effect

A total of 120 undergraduates were investigated by self-made questionnaires based on the classical study paradigm of anchoring effect. Experiment 1 examines whether the two methods of thinking can reduce the effect of the anchoring effect by comparing the participants’ inverse thinking and the analogical thinking of the coping scheme. In the past, the time pressure in the same kind of research as a significant influencing factor will have a significant impact on the final outcome. Experiment 2 added time pressure on the basis of experiment 1 to investigate whether the high time pressure could invalidate the coping scheme. The results show that the strategies of reverse thinking and analogical thinking can reduce the effect of anchoring effect, and the response scheme is still effective under high time pressure.This result further suggests that when making decisions, people need to think critically,and be a rational decision maker.