指向性遗忘中认知抑制能力的发展

采用组块提示法,以小学二年级、五年级学生和大学生共104名为被试,考察语词记忆指向性遗忘效应的机制及其发展.结果表明:(1)各年龄段被试都明显存在着指向性遗忘效应;(2)指向性遗忘效应是提取抑制和选择性编码两种机制共同作用的结果,且年幼儿童与年长儿童、成人之间作用情况可能存在差异;(3)小学二年级、五年级学生和大学生之间认知抑制能力差异显著,随年龄增长,认知抑制能力不断增长.

Cognitive Inhibition and Its Development in Directed Forgetting

Inhibitory processing is an emerging theme in recent psychology and cognitive sciences.To explore the mechanism and development of directed forgetting effect, totally 104 subjects from grade 2 and 5 and college participated in a directed forgetting task, in which used a blocked cuing procedure. The results indicated: (1) all age subjects demonstrated the directed forgetting effect. (2) Both retrieval inhibition and selective rehearsal played a role in directed forgetting effect, although there may be a different processing mechanism in younger children. (3) The different age groups demonstrated significant different level of inhibitory processing. The second graders showed partial inhibitory ability, the fifth graders showed better inhibitory ability, and the college students showed quite better inhibition than the fifth graders.