目标或背景:联合搜索知觉学习的内容

采用颜色-形状联合搜索任务探讨短期特征联结知觉学习的效果和机制。训练被试在由不同颜色和形状组合的字母干扰子中搜索具有特定颜色和形状的目标字母,训练时间约为40分钟。通过训练,被试搜索特定的颜色-形状联结的目标字母的能力有所提升,并且学习效应能够迁移至背景改变目标不变的条件中,但是不能迁移至背景不变目标改变的条件中。这一结果提示,被试在进行短期联合搜索知觉学习时,学习到的是目标,而并非背景或目标与背景的联系。

Target or Context: The Content of Perceptual Learning on Conjunction Search

Perceptual learning refers to the practice-induced improvement in the ability to perform specific perceptual tasks.The present study was aimed to investigate the mechanism of perceptual learning on conjunction search by using visual search paradigm.Participants were trained to search a target letter with specific color -shape conjunction in context letters with different color-shape conjunctions.The results showed that throughout the training session,the performance of searching specific color-shape conjunction was improved, shown by the increase of accuracy and the decrease of reaction times.Such learning effect did not transfer to the same-context-different-target arrays （Experiment 1） but transferred to the same-target-different -context arrays（Experiment 2）.These results indicated that the effect of learning to find a conjunction in visual search task relied on the learning of the target.That is,participants learnt neither the context nor the relation between target and context,but the target.