群体决策质量评估方法及其在大学生和社区居民中的应用

社会心理服务体系建设要求用心理学理论和方法开展精细化社会治理,而在多元主体共商共治的过程中出现了群体决策质量无法得到有效评估的问题。群体决策"过程-结果模型"认为应该从"双过程"(信息加工过程和人际互动过程)和"双结果"(客观结果和主观感受)两个方面综合评估群体决策质量。基于该模型建构的群体决策质量问卷自评法和录像他评法被应用于大学生和社区居民一些真实问题解决的群体决策质量评估。研究结果显示群体决策质量自评问卷效度良好,适合作为群体决策质量的自评工具;录像他评法与问卷自评法结果相互印证能够全面地反映群体决策质量,可应用于更广阔的社会治理领域中。

The evaluation methods of group decision-making and their applications among college students and community residents

The construction of social psychological service system means applying psychological theories, methods and techniques to social governance. Social governance usually is a process of multi-subject co-governance, in which all stakeholders make a group decision based on negotiation. However, it is difficult to systematically evaluate the quality of group decision-making. Therefore, a "process-result model" of group decision-making was proposed, in which the quality of group decision-making is evaluated on the levels of “process” and “result”. Concretely, there are two types of processes of “information processing” and “interpersonal interaction”, and two types of results including “objective decision results” and “subjective feeling”. Based on the model, a video evaluation method and a self-assessment questionnaire to measure the quality of group decision-making were developed and applied among college students and urban community residents. It was found that the self-assessment questionnaire of group decision-making was a valid instrument. Moreover, the results from the video evaluation method and the self-assessment questionnaire could confirm each other, which suggests that these two methods can be generalized into more settings of social governance.