儒家道德情感论的核心特质及其内在理路

直下心源、直契本心是由孔子确立的儒家道德情感论的核心特质,孔子后学由此出发,基于天人合一的视域建构了诚学,将诚提升为了贯通天人、真实无妄的道德情感。儒家从质直、至诚之本心情感出发,涵养与推扩道德情感的内在理路可以概括为以下三个维度:第一,以反观内省的道德理性时时提撕和体认本心情感;第二,以本心情感为体,以礼乐文化为用,以文质彬彬为旨归;第三,以"亲亲而仁民,仁民而爱物"为路径,以四端之心为内在心理情感根据,在由近及远、由厚及薄、由亲及疏的无限推扩中实现对道德情感的涵养、提升与超越。

The Research on Core Characteristics and Inner Logic of the Confucian Moral Sentiment Theory

“being honest to one’s own heart and behaving according to one’s own original mind” is the core characteristics of the Confucian moral sentiment theory that was established by Confucius.The inheritors of Confucius developed his honesty theory,constructed the sincerity theory in the view of the harmony between heaven and man,and ascended it to a level of sincere moral sentiment which coheres heaven and human.Confucianism,starting from the most honest and sincere feelings of one’s own heart,renders its internal theoretical path of the cultivation and expansion of moral sentiment into following three dimensions.Firstly,experiencing the feelings of one’s own heart constantly through moral rationality of introspecting and scrutinizing one’s own heart.Secondly,taking the feelings of one’s own heart as the substance,utilizing the rites and music culture as the function,and taking the state that simplicity and cultural cultivation are harmoniously blended as ultimate goal.Thirdly,taking the principle of “loving one’s family members dearly leads to loving people benevolently; loving people benevolently leads to loving universe tenderly” as its path,taking the four basic feelings of one’s own heart as its intrinsic psychological sentiment basis.The cultivation,promotion and transcendence of the moral sentiment gradually turn reality by the way of unlimited expansion which is from near to far,from thick to thin,and from intimate to estranged.