民族刻板印象威胁效应

Steele和Aronson (1995)最早提出刻板印象威胁的概念,指出这种威胁使个体担心自己会验证所属群体的消极刻板印象.民族刻板印象威胁表现为个体行为表现下降并影响民族交往.民族刻板印象威胁效应的主要机制是工作记忆受损和不认同.通过提供内群体榜样和进行非评价性测试,可以有效地减轻刻板印象威胁效应.未来研究要准确界定种族、族群和民族的概念,考察民族刻板印象威胁与性别刻板印象威胁的区别,研究不同民族的刻板印象威胁效应.

A Review of Study on Stereotype Threat Effect

Steele and Aronson (1995)proposed the concept of stereotype threat, which make individuals be at risk of confirming, as self-characteristic, a negative stereotype about one’s group. Nation stereotype threat make individuals’ underperformance and affect social interaction between people of different nations. The main mechanism of nation stereotype threat is the deficit of working memory and disidentification.Ingroup model and test without evaluation can reduce the effects of nation stereotype threat. Future studies should define the concepts of race, ethnic group and nation, examine the difference between nation stereotype threat and gender stereotype threat, and the stereotype threat of various nations.