双语经验对认知能力的影响

综合近年关于双语经验对认知影响的研究, 探讨双语经验对认知的积极和消极两方面的影响, 且着重介绍了双语经验对认知的积极影响。双语经验对认知的积极影响主要体现在语言认知能力、非语言认知能力和中央执行功能几个方面。此外, 进一步对双语促进认知发展的原因进行了两方面的分析：一个是双语思维经验促进抑制控制的发展, 另一个双语学习经验强化双语者的左右脑交流, 从而导致脑功能活动方式的变化。最后, 对今后双语与认知关系的研究中需要注意的问题提出了一些思考。

The Effect of Billingual Experiences on Cognition Abilities

Recent researches on the influence of bilingualism on cognition are reviewed and both the negative and positive impacts of bilingualism on cognitive functions are discussed with a focus on the latter. Bilingualism can enhance central executive function and bilinguals possess advantages in many cognitive functions(both verbal and non-verbal) related to central executive function. It is suggested that bilinguals’ advantage in various cognitive functions may not only be a by-product of the inhibition practice in bilingual language usage, but also be related to the enhancement of bilateral communication of their brain functioning due to the second language acquisition. Finally, some suggestions on future research are proposed.