Varieties of cognitive penetration in visual perception |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Center for Mind, Brain and Cognitive Evolution, Institut für Philosophie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany;2. Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Neuroscience & Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;1. Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK;2. Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 6, 30-060 Kraków, Poland;3. Department of Psychology, Harvard University, William James Hall, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;4. Department of Medical Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, PO Box 12271, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;5. Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, 62 Hillhead Street, Glasgow G12 8QB, UK;6. The Baruch Ivcher Institute for Brain, Cognition & Technology, The Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Reichman University, PO Box 167, Herzliya 461010, Israel;1. Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, 3/F, The Hong Kong Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China;2. Research Institute MOVE, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands;3. Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | Is our perceptual experience a veridical representation of the world or is it a product of our beliefs and past experiences? Cognitive penetration describes the influence of higher level cognitive factors on perceptual experience and has been a debated topic in philosophy of mind and cognitive science. Here, we focus on visual perception, particularly early vision, and how it is affected by contextual expectations and memorized cognitive contents. We argue for cognitive penetration based on recent empirical evidence demonstrating contextual and top-down influences on early visual processes. On the basis of a perceptual model, we propose different types of cognitive penetration depending on the processing level on which the penetration happens and depending on where the penetrating influence comes from. Our proposal has two consequences: (1) the traditional controversy on whether cognitive penetration occurs or not is ill posed, and (2) a clear-cut perception–cognition boundary cannot be maintained. |
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| Keywords: | Cognitive penetration Visual perception Early visual processes V1 Top-down modulation Contextual influences Predictive coding Perception–cognition boundary Philosophy of mind |
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