Embodied free will beliefs: Some effects of physical states on metaphysical opinions |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;2. Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;3. Department of Philosophy, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;4. Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA;5. Institute for Interdisciplinary Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA;6. Anderson School of Management, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;7. Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA;8. Department of Philosophy, Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47401, USA;9. INSERM U992, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Neurospin Center, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France;10. Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, I2BM, NeuroSpin Center, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France;11. Department of Philosophy, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;12. School of Philosophy, Psychology, and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AD, UK;13. Philosophy Department, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;14. Kenan Institute for Ethics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;15. Psychology and Neuroscience Department, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;16. Duke University School of Law, Durham, NC 27708, USA;17. Department of Philosophy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA |
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| Abstract: | The present research suggests that people’s bodily states affect their beliefs about free will. People with epilepsy and people with panic disorder, which are disorders characterized by a lack of control over one’s body, reported less belief in free will compared to people without such disorders (Study 1). The more intensely people felt sexual desire, physical tiredness, and the urge to urinate, the less they believed in free will (Study 2). Among non-dieters, the more intensely they felt hunger, the less they believed in free will. However, dieters showed a trend in the opposite direction (Study 3). |
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| Keywords: | Free will Embodied cognition |
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