The distinctiveness of hardiness, positive emotionality, and negative emotionality in National Guard soldiers |
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| Authors: | Christopher R Erbes Paul A Arbisi Shannon M Kehle Amanda G Ferrier-Auerbach Robin A Barry Melissa A Polusny |
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| Institution: | aMinneapolis VA Medical Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, United States;bMinneapolis VA Medical Center, Department of Psychology & University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, United States;cCenter for Chronic Disease Outcome Research, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, United States;dUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore County, United States |
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| Abstract: | Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to investigate the distinctiveness of hardiness (using the Short Hardiness Scale; Bartone, 1995) from the broader personality traits of negative emotionality and positive emotionality (NEM and PEM; assessed with items from the MMPI-2 PSY-5 scales); in a sample of 981 Army National Guard soldiers. Exploratory factor analyses demonstrated that hardiness items loaded on a separate factor from PEM and NEM items, and confirmatory factor analysis suggested that hardiness is not simply a sub-facet of either PEM or NEM. However, subsequent regression analyses found that hardiness did not predict symptoms of PTSD or depression beyond the effects of PEM and NEM among combat exposed soldiers. |
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| Keywords: | Hardiness Negative emotionality Positive emotionality Stress reaction PTSD Military Depression |
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