大学生文化倾向性与姓名知觉反应时的关系

摘要 本文采用问卷调查和字词辨别反应时任务的方法，考察了大学生对个体姓名信息反应时与文化倾向性之间的关系。结果表明：（1）自陈式《垂直、水平个人-集体主义问卷》的集体主义维度上具有较低的区分效度，有待改善；（2）在视觉通路中，个体对自我的姓名、姓、名的加工时均具有一定的优先性，并发现个体对自我姓名的知觉模式为整体知觉；（3）姓名信息所蕴含的文化信息与文化倾向问卷中所测量的信息具有一定的相关，支持并验证了文化倾向问卷的内容效度；同时研究发现姓、名作为自我结构的标识物比姓名更佳。

The Preliminary Study on the Relationship between Cultural Tendency of College Students and the Reaction Time of Perceiving Name

We investigated the relationship between college students’ reaction time for an individual’s name and cultural tendency with discriminative reaction time of the words and questionnaire surveys. We used the DMDX software program to present the stimulus. The results of our study are as follows: After analyzing the construct validity of the self-report Vertical and Horizontal Collectivism and the individualism questionnaire we have found that individualism positively correlates with vertical and horizontal individualism, but vertical and horizontal individualism has no correlation. It means that two second-order factors in the individual dimension of cultural tendency have good convergent validity and differential validity; collectivism positively correlates with vertical and horizontal collectivism, which means they have a good convergent validity but a lower differential validity needing to be improved. At the same time, vertical collectivism positively correlates with horizontal collectivism. College students’ cultural orientation of the horizontal individualism dimension is highest, vertical individualism a little lower, and horizontal collectivism lowest. In the visual pathway, the individual’s reaction time of perceiving his or her name, surname and given name are significantly less than perceiving the same frequency, stroke, and pattern of structure of Chinese characters (word groups). It indicates that college students have a priority on processing his or her full name, given name and family name. We also have found that individual’s reaction time of perceiving his or her name has no correlation with the reaction time of perceiving surnames and given names. Besides, the reaction of perceiving name does not increase as the number of the words goes up. The perceptual pattern of individual’s perceiving his or her name is overall perception. The individual ’s surname effect size positively correlates with the dimension of collectivism, vertical collectivism, and horizontal collectivism; the individual ’s given name effect size significantly or marginally correlates with the dimension of individualism, vertical individualism, and horizontal individualism, which indicates that the cultural information that a name contains correlates with the information obtained from the Cultural Tendency Questionnaire. It supports and verifies the content validity of the questionnaire. However, the individual’s name effect size has no correlation with each dimension of cultural tendency, which indicates that surnames and given names are much better than full names as the markers of self structure. Moreover, in this paper, the new method of caculating name effect size we proposed can eliminate or weaken the influences of individual’s reaction time and body states, which leads to an improvement of vadility and reliability of results.