Source-constrained retrieval influences the encoding of new information |
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Authors: | Stacey L Danckert Colin M MacLeod Myra A Fernandes |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada |
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Abstract: | Jacoby, Shimizu, Daniels, and Rhodes (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 12, 852–857, 2005) showed that new words presented as foils among a list of old words that had been deeply encoded were themselves subsequently
better recognized than new words presented as foils among a list of old words that had been shallowly encoded. In Experiment
1, by substituting a deep-versus-shallow imagery manipulation for the levels-of-processing manipulation, we demonstrated that
the effect is robust and that it generalizes, also occurring with a different type of encoding. In Experiment 2, we provided
more direct evidence for context-related encoding during tests of deeply encoded words, showing enhanced priming for foils
presented among deeply encoded targets when participants made the same deep-encoding judgments on those items as had been
made on the targets during study. In Experiment 3, we established that the findings from Experiment 2 are restricted to this
specific deep judgment task and are not a general consequence of these foils being associated with deeply encoded items. These
findings provide support for the source-constrained retrieval hypothesis of Jacoby, Shimizu, Daniels, and Rhodes: New information
can be influenced by how surrounding items are encoded and retrieved, as long as the surrounding items recruit a coherent
mode of processing. |
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Keywords: | |
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