疾病的文化隐喻与医学人类学的哲学鉴别解析

医学社会人类学的哲学观点认为，个体的疾病现象是社会的构成。个体的疾病现象本质上是结构在人体－社会－文化关系的体系中。人群疾病的流行病学特征乃至人群临床病征及其主述皆与不同文化形态的社会及不同阶层的社会生活史、道德、禁忌、规范以及宗教育有着特定的联系。因此，医学人类学在于超越临床生物医学的范畴而去关注于人体疾患的文体隐喻和社会象征的探讨，特别是近年来“人体－社会体－政体鉴别解释”理论和方法的发展,正迅速促进疾病社会符号象征的研究产生根本性的变化和健康政策实践的发展。

An Approach of Philosophical Critical-Interpretation in MedicalAnthropology for Cultural Metaphor of Disease and Illness

The philosophical perspective of medical anthropology indicates that the disease and illness is socially and culturally constructed. The phenomenon of ill-health from individual level is inherently embodied in human-body-socio-cultural system. Both epidemiological characteristics within populations and personal narratives of illness, are embedded in the contexts of socio-class life history, conventions, rituals, and routines. It is therefore important to move beyond purely clinical diseases-based medical disciplinary and accounts of illness in medical anthropology to understand cultural metaphor and social symbol of illness. The approach of philosophical critical-interpretation in medical anthropology, recently has been, broadly contributed to improve the socio-symbolical study of illness and development of health policy and practice.