Threatened to distraction: Mind-wandering as a consequence of stereotype threat |
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| Authors: | Michael D Mrazek Jason M Chin Toni Schmader Kimberly A Hartson Jonathan Smallwood Jonathan W Schooler |
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| Institution: | aDepartment of Psychology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA;bDepartment of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada;cDepartment of Social and Affective Neuroscience, Max Plank Institute for Brain and Cognition, 1A Stephenstrasse, PO Box 500 355, Leipzig, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Two experiments tested the hypothesis that the threat of a negative stereotype increases the frequency of mind-wandering (i.e., task-unrelated thought), thereby leading to performance impairments. Study 1 demonstrated that participants anticipating a stereotype-laden test mind-wandered more during the Sustained Attention to Response Task. Study 2 assessed mind-wandering directly using thought sampling procedures during a demanding math test. Results revealed that individuals experiencing stereotype threat experienced more off-task thoughts, which accounted for their poorer test performance compared to a control condition. These studies highlight the important role that social forces can have on mind-wandering. More specifically, these results serve as evidence for task-unrelated thought as a novel mechanism for stereotype threat-induced performance impairments. |
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| Keywords: | Stereotype threat Mind-wandering Attention |
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