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Equivalence of paper and pencil vs Internet forms of the ZKPQ-50-CC in Spanish and French samples |
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| Authors: | Anton Aluja Jrme Rossier Marvin Zuckerman |
| Institution: | aDepartment of Pedagogy and Psychology, Faculty of Education Science, University of Lleida, Complex de la Caparrella, s/n. E-25192 Lleida (Catalonia), Spain;bInstitut de Psychologie Quartier UNIL-Dorigny, Bâtiment Anthropole 3127, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;cProfessor emeritus of psychology, University of Delaware, 1500 Locust Street, Apt. 4013, Philadelphia, PA 19102-4326, United States |
| Abstract: | This study was designed to check for the equivalence of the ZKPQ-50-CC (Spanish and French versions) through Internet on-line (OL) and paper and pencil (PP) answer format. Differences in means and deviations were significant in some scales, but effect sizes are minimal except for Sociability in the Spanish sample. Alpha reliabilities are also very similar in both versions with no significant differences between formats. A robust factorial structure was found for the two formats and the average congruency coefficients were 0.98. The goodness-of-fit indexes obtained by confirmatory factorial analysis are very similar to those obtained in the ZKPQ-50-CC validation study and they do not differ between the two formats. The multi-group analysis confirms the equivalence among the OL–PP formats in both countries. These results in general support the validity and reliability of the Internet as a method in investigations using the ZKPQ-50-CC. |
| Keywords: | ZKPQ-50-CC Internet and paper-and-pencil personality questionnaires Personality structure EFA CFA |
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