药物成瘾理论的新进展

成瘾过程伴随着一系列脑机能和心理机能的改变,但对药物滥用如何导致这些改变以及它们如何诱发成瘾却存在着不同的解释。近年来,由于认知心理学和认知神经科学研究技术在该领域的应用,研究者对药物成瘾过程的认知机能及其脑机制获得了新的认识,且基于对负性生活事件及外部压力在维持药物滥用及诱发复吸行为中的作用的测量学研究和动物实验研究而提出的成瘾理论为该领域的研究开辟了新的思路。本文重点评述了药物成瘾的认知加工模型和以压力或负性情绪为核心的相关理论模型及其研究,并提出进一步研究的方向。

Current Progresses in Drug Addiction Theories

The addiction process was accompanied by a series of drug-induced changes both in the brain and psychological functions;however,explanations varied on how drug abuse resulted in such changes and how the changes caused addiction.Recently,owing to the application of study methods of cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience to addiction research,researchers have obtained a new understanding of the cognitive functioning and the brain mechanism of the addiction processes.Additionally,a new research approach has been established based on the findings of psychometric and animal experiment researches that indicated the effects of negative life events and outside stress on the maintenance of addictive behavior and relapse.After reviewing the cognitive processing model,the disinhibitory hypothesis and the affective processing model of negative reinforcement,the possibilities for future integrative research in this area were discussed.