不同回避动机强度的消极情绪对类比推理的影响:来自ERP的证据

研究采用类比推理的四项比例式任务和事件相关电位技术,探究不同回避动机强度的消极情绪(恐惧—高动机强度、悲伤—低动机强度、中性情绪)对类比推理的影响及脑机制。结果发现:(1)行为:不同回避动机强度的消极情绪均会延长类比推理的反应时; 与中性情绪相比,悲伤会提高推理的正确率,而恐惧会降低推理的正确率。(2)脑电:图式提取阶段,N400、P300、LNC被诱发; 类比映射阶段,N400和LNC被诱发,情绪在N400和LNC上的主效应均显著,恐惧情绪下的N400和LNC幅值比悲伤情绪和中性情绪下的更大。研究表明,情绪对类比推理的作用发生在类比映射阶段。恐惧情绪窄化认知,悲伤情绪扩展认知,支持情绪动机维度模型。

The Effect of Low and High Avoidance-Motivated Negative Emotions on Analogical Reasoning:Evidence from an ERP Study

The present study used the event-related potentials(ERPs)to examine the time course of analogical reasoning influenced by negative emotions that varied in avoidance motivational intensity(sadness,fear,neutral emotion)in 18 healthy adults.The verbal four-term analogical reasoning task was used to measure analogy performance following emotional pictures.Compared with neutral emotions,sadness improved the accuracy of reasoning,while fear reduced the accuracy.People responded more slowly following sad and fear pictures compared to neutral emotion.ERP results showed that the schema induction stage evoked N400,P300 and late negative component(LNC).The effects of emotions on ERPs in schema induction stage were not significant.In mapping stage,N400 and LNC were evoked.The effects of emotions on N400 and LNC were significant.LNC amplitude evoked by fear was more negative compared to LNC followed sad and neutral pictures,indicating that high avoidance-motivated negative affect impaired searching the right answer in working memory.The current result indicated that the effect of emotions on analogical reasoning occurred in the mapping stage.In sum,fear could narrow cognition,while sadness could broaden cognition.Results support motivational dimension model of affect.