执行功能子成分与学业成就的关系

目的:探讨执行功能三个子成分(抑制功能、转换功能和信息刷新功能)与学业成就的关系。方法:采用认知任务对85名大学生的执行功能子成分进行测量,并进行执行功能子成分的Stroop效应、转换任务效应及信息刷新任务效应对学业成就的逐步回归分析。结果:抑制子功能的Stroop效应及信息刷新子功能的任务效应对学业成就具有负向预测作用,两者共同解释学业成就变异的15.1%。其中,抑制子功能的Stroop效应预测作用最大,可解释学业成就变异的8.5%。结论:执行功能抑制子功能的Stroop效应及信息刷新子功能的任务效应可作为学业成就的预测因子。

A Study on the Relationships among the Three Subcomponents of Executive Function and Academic Achievements

To explore the relationships among the three subcomponents of executive function(EF) and academic achievements,three cognitive tasks,i.e.the Stroop task,the plus-minus task,and the running memory task,were employed to measure subjects' EF subcomponents.Based on the data and the subjects' academic achievements,a stepwise regression analysis was conducted.Two effects,i.e.the Stroop effect of the subcomponent of inhibition and the task effect of the subcomponent of working memory updating,entered the regression equation and were found to be able to predict academic achievements negatively.The two predictors could explain a total of 15.1% of the variations in academic achievements.The Stroop effect was the strongest predictor,explaining 8.5% of the variations in academic achievements.These findings suggest that the Stroop effect of the subcomponent of inhibition and the task effect of the subcomponent of working memory updating are the negative predictors of academic achievements.