颜色特征加工任务间的注意瞬脱研究

本研究以两个实验对颜色特征加工任务间的注意瞬脱效应进行探讨。实验一要求被试对首先呈现的两个色块(记忆项)与随后呈现的两个色块(检测项)是否相同进行比较。结果发现,在记忆项与检测项的SOA为220ms的条件下,记忆项加工对认知资源的持续占用使检测项的加工绩效下降。实验二含两个需相继执行的任务(T1和T2),二者均为比较同时呈现在屏幕左右两侧的两色块颜色是否相同。结果发现,对颜色特征的觉察即可产生注意瞬脱效应,其大小及时程与经典的采用字母识别任务的研究获得的注意瞬脱效应相当。上述结果表明,特征搜索的完成需有限认知资源的参与。然而,注意瞬脱过程中,特征加工与需对知觉对象细节信息进行提取的辨别任务(如字母辨别任务)在消耗认知资源的量上并无差别。

The Attentional Blink between Two Color Processing Tasks

The attentional blink(AB) between two color processing tasks was investigated.In Exp.1,observers determined whether or not two sequentially displayed arrays(memory array and test array) of items were identical in color.The results showed that when the Memory-Test SOA was 220ms,the performance of change-detection was impaired because of the consumption of cognitive resource by the processing of memory items.In Exp.2 two tasks were executed sequentially,both of which were to detect whether the colors of two simultaneously presented items were identical.The results revealed that the color detection task can produce an AB effect whose magnitude and duration were comparable to those produced by letter identification task.Based upon these results,it was suggested that to achieve a feature detection task,limited cognitive resource is required.In addition,at the stage of processing wherein AB is produced,the cognitive resources consumed by feature detection task and tasks requiring identification of detail information(e.g.letter identification task) were comparable.