正义王国的理想--柏拉图政治哲学评析

柏拉图以思辨哲学为主的思想体系中包含着丰富的实践哲学，以正义为核心的政治哲学便是其集中表现。柏拉图所设计的理想的城邦国家是以“贤人政制”作为标准模式的。这种政制以理念论为指导思想，以正义为根本原则，以智慧、勇敢、节制为伦理基础，以善为最高目的；实施这种政制的社会是以奴隶制为基础的严格的等级制、等级分工的社会，通过特制的教育制度培养一批身心健全、德才兼备、有知识有政治智慧的贤能的统治者、“哲学王”，由他们来执掌政权，在统治者集团内部实行财产公有，妇女和子女共有，男女平等，防止统治者腐败变质，以确保这种政制世代相传。

The Idea of Kingdom of Justice

Plato's system of ideas gives priority to speculative philosophy, but it also includes rich practical philosophy, which is concentrated on political philosophy with justice as its core. The standard of city- state in Plato's ideal is Aristocracy, which takes the Theory of Ideas as guideline, justice as fundamental principle, wisdom, courage and temperance as ethical basis, and Good as ultimate pursuit. The society of aristocracy is a rigidly stratified one based on hierarchy and slave system. It carries out special education to cultivate a group of aristocrat governors, i. e. philosopher-king, who are healthy, capable, intelligent and politically wise. Within the ruling class, property is publicly owned, women and children are attended by the whole people, and gender quality is realized. The ruling class is prevented from decaying to keep the political system passing down.