Listen Out! Behavioural and Subjective Responses to Verbal Warnings |
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| Authors: | Jessica K. Ljungberg Fabrice B. R. Parmentier Robert W. Hughes William J. Macken Dylan M. Jones |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychology, Ume? University, , Ume?, Sweden;2. School of Psychology, Cardiff University, , Cardiff, UK;3. Department of Psychology, Edificio Cientifico‐Tecnico, University of the Balearic Islands, , Palma, Spain;4. School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, , Australia |
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| Abstract: | Both the behavioural and subjective impacts of single‐word spoken warnings were examined. Behaviourally, the effect of infrequently occurring warnings was studied through their disruptive impact on a visually presented serial recall task. In separate experiments, ratings of the same words were elicited. Experiment 1 showed a localized effect of the warnings (on the item immediately following the warning), with the urgently intoned warning having a greater disruptive effect than its valence (emotional content). Valence and intonation (urgency) did not interact. The performance changes were mirrored in the ratings of the words. Experiment 2 showed no systematic effect on performance of either the action‐relatedness of the word or its lexicality. There was, however, a systematic effect of lexicality but not action‐relatedness on ratings. The study demonstrates the feasibility of using objective performance methods to establish the likely effects of verbal warnings and the utility of using such methods for the design of alarm systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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