小学四年级儿童简算策略获得的认知过程研究

研究策略获得的过程是了解认知机制的重要途径。本研究采用口语报告和教学实验的结合研究，采用策略意识和策略状况两个维度的评价指标考察，结果表明：策略运用从低到高体现出8级认知序列，策略获得者在策略的掌握过程中有四种认知状态：策略运用初期的倒退状态、策略从不熟练向熟练发展过渡的不稳定状态、策略运用的不彻底状态、有较强的策略意识但缺乏条件化知识的刻板状态。这四种状态反映出，学习者在策略获得过程中策略运用缺陷的常见状况。

The Cognitive Process of Shortcut-calculation Strategy Acquisition

To study the strategy acquiring process is an important way to find out the cognitive mechanism. In this study we integrated protocol analysis with teaching experiment to investigate from two appraisal indexes of the strategy consciousness and strategy state, and found that from low to high there were 8 levels of cognitive sequence in strategies applied. And strategy obtainers' shortcut-calculation strategy had 4 cognitive states during their strategy acquisition: the falling back state at the beginning of strategy-using, the unstable state at the transition stage from not-proficiency to proficiency, the incomplete state for not using perfectly right, the inflexible state with strong strategy consciousness while lacking conditional knowledge. The 4 cognitive states reflect the common deficiencies of learners' using strategies in the strategy acquiring process.