Cross-national generalizability of patterns of parental rearing behaviour: Invariance of EMBU dimensional representations of healthy subjects from Australia,Denmark, Hungary,Italy and The Netherlands |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Clinical Psychology, Academic Hospital of the State University of Groningen, Oostersingel 59, 9713 EZ Groningen, The Netherlands;2. Department of Psychiatry III and WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health, University of Umeå, 90185 Umeå, Sweden;3. Department of Psychiatry, Flinders University Medical School, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042;4. Department of Psychiatry, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark;5. National Institute for Nervous and Mental Diseases, 1281 Budapest, Hungary;6. Department of Psychiatry I, Naples University, Naples, Italy;1. Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China;2. Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China;3. Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China;1. Lingnan University, Hong Kong;2. Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;1. Laboratory of Iron Metabolism, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy;2. Centre for Disorders of Iron Metabolism, ASST-Monza, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy;3. Neurology, Campus Bio-Medico of Rome University, Rome, Italy;4. Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy;5. Neurology, ASST-Monza, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy;6. Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS-Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy;1. National Reference Laboratory for Heavy Metals in Food, Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;2. Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell’Università 10, Legnaro, Padova, Italy;3. Dipartimento di Management Sapienza Università di Roma, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, 00161, Roma, Italy |
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| Abstract: | A psychometric study was carried out on Australian, Danish, Hungarian, Italian and Dutch non-patient samples examining cross-national invariance characteristics of dimensions of perceived parental rearing behaviour and attitudes as measured by the EMBU. Of the four primary factors identified previously with Dutch Ss, namely Rejection, Emotional Warmth, Overprotection and Favouring Subject, the first three were retrieved in a similar form in the Australian, Danish and Italian healthy Ss. Less satisfactory findings emerged in the Hungarian sample. Further analyses examining metric equivalence of the scales and the strength of the factors for each group indicated that it would be warranted to carry out future pattern and level comparisons between groups from the respective countries (except Hungary) on the three factors evidencing cross-national constancy. Higher order factor analyses of the corresponding scales produced identical two-factor compositions (Care and Protection) in the Australian, Danish and Italian groups when compared to the factorial composition of EMBU scales of their Dutch counterparts, which further supported this conclusion. It was proposed to either rephrase or omit and replace the unsuitable Hungarian EMBU items by alternative items to be tried out in the next round of data gathering and their psychometric evaluation. |
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