Higher-order factors in the differential emotions scale (DES-III) |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, and Schön Clinic Hamburg Eilbek, Hamburg, Germany;2. Schön Clinic Bad Bramstedt, Germany;3. Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Charité, Berlin, Germany;4. Department of Psychology, City University, London, UK;5. The Pennsylvania State University, Altoona, USA;6. Schön Clinic Roseneck Prien, Germany;7. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany;8. Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany;1. Department of Epidemiology, Health Economics and Public Health, UMR1027 INSERM–Toulouse University, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU), Toulouse, France;2. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, INSERM UMR744, Pasteur Institute of Lille, Lille Nord de France University–UDSL, Lille, France;3. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, EA 3430, FMTS, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France;4. Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France;5. Department of Cardiology B, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France |
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| Abstract: | The 30-item version of Izard's Differential Emotions Scale (DES-III) was submitted to an iterative principal factoring plus oblique (direct Oblimin) rotation to simple structure, on a sample of 204 University of Delaware undergraduates. The intercorrelation matrix for the eight primary emotional-state factors derived, was subsequently subjected to a higher-order factoring. Four second-order factors accounted readily for the variance measured in the DES-III scales and this suggests that the multivariate mood-state instrument might be more profitably scored for secondary factors, in certain instances. This conclusion in no way detracts from the importance of the DES-III primaries, but adds to the usefulness of the instrument in applied studies. |
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