The early development of stigmatizing reactions to physical differences |
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| Institution: | 1. Cincinnati Children''s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA;2. Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA;3. Boston College, Boston, MA, USA;4. Kenyon College, Department of Psychology, Gambier, OH, USA;5. University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA;1. Residency School in Occupational Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy;2. Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine “E.C. Vigliani”, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy;1. Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA;2. Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA;3. The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA;4. Department of Health Studies, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA;5. Department of Medicine and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA;6. Department of Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA;7. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA |
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| Abstract: | In a comparative analysis of children's reactions to potentially stigmatized physical attributes, 119 white children in nursery school through third grade completed openended, forced-choice, and free-choice tasks involving seven target children portrayed as: normal, black, of the opposite sex, glasses-wearing, wheelchair-bound, facially disfigured, and obese. Preference for the same-sex, same-race, nondisabled child over other target children was apparent at all ages, suggesting that the earliest form of stigmatization is a generalized bias against anyone who is physically deviant. While attraction to the wheelchair-bound child increased with age, liking for the obese child tended to decrease; moreover, the obese and facially disfigured children came to be more negatively perceived than other targets among elementary school children, suggesting greater differentiation with age among various stigmatizing attributes. Girls were consistently more acceptant of the wheelchair-bound child than boys were, while tending to be more negative toward cosmetic defects. Limits on the generalizability of stigmatization phenomena are discussed. |
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