Replays as repetitions: Young children's interpretation of television forms

Young children's comprehension of instant replays was examined in two studies. In Study 1, 83 children, ages 4–9 years, viewed six TV bits in which instant replays were inserted. The content of the bits varied from familiar (placing a phone call) to unfamiliar (a baseball play). Children's detection and interpretation of replays were measured. Study 2 replicated the procedures of the first study, with 166 children, ages 4–9 years. The four experimental bits crossed two kinds of content (phone call vs. baseball), with presence or absence of a visual special effect marking the replay. Older children were more likely to detect replays than younger children. There were age and content effects for children's interpretation of instant replays. Young children interpreted the replays as repetitions. When they began to ascribe the replay to the medium, somewhere around first grade (age 6–7), they were more likely to do so for a baseball context than a phone call. Visual markers did not influence detection or interpretation. The findings support the hypothesis that children interpret the forms of television according to the expectations they have derived from their experiences with real people and objects.