The Ingroup Favorability Bias in the Minimal Groups Situation

Abstract

In the present study limits to the ingroup favorability bias in the minimal intergroup situation were examined. A sample of students from the United States received either positive or negative information about either one or both of their ingroups. The amount of information provided about the ingroup was also varied. Consistent with the experimental hypothesis, students were least favorable in their evaluations of the ingroup when negative information was provided and was applicable to both of their ingroups, compared to when the same negative information applied to only one of those ingroups. The findings support Turner's (1975) position that the ingroup favorability bias is motivated by a need to maintain or enhance a positive social identity.